Why Is My Water Heater Leaking? 5 Common Reasons

Water heaters are necessary for your multifamily buildings, but discovering a leak in even one of them can be alarming. After all, a leaking water heater can do significant damage and disrupt the entire building if you don’t deal with it immediately.

Fortunately, you can resolve most leaks with the right approach. Whether you have a worn-out valve or some sediment buildup, understanding the source of the problem is the first step to getting things back on track.

This article covers five common reasons a water heater may be leaking and provides tips on how to address each issue.

1. Corrosion of the Water Heater Tank

Corrosion is one of the most common reasons for a leaking water heater, especially as the unit ages. Over time, the metal in the tank is exposed to water and oxygen, which can lead to rust formation.

Sediment buildup from minerals in the water can also accelerate the corrosion process, weakening the tank’s structure. Small holes or cracks may form as the tank corrodes, allowing water to leak.

Signs of Corrosion

There are clear signs that your water heater may be corroding. Rust-colored water coming from your taps is a strong indicator, as is visible rust on the outside of the tank. Once corrosion sets in, it’s often irreversible, so regular maintenance is critical.

Flushing the tank periodically to remove sediment and using a sacrificial anode rod to prevent rust can help prolong the life of your water heater. Regular checks can help catch corrosion early before it leads to a leak, as well.

2. Loose or Worn-Out Drain Valve

The water heater’s drain valve allows you to empty the tank for cleaning or repairs. However, this valve can become loose or wear out over time, leading to leaks. A faulty or improperly tightened drain valve is a common source of water leakage, typically at the bottom of the tank.

Fixing a Drain Valve Issue

If you notice water pooling around your water heater, checking the drain valve first is a good idea. In some cases, you can tighten the valve with a wrench to stop the leak.

However, if the valve is old or damaged, it may need to be replaced to prevent further issues. This job is straightforward, but it’s best to consult a professional plumber if you’re unsure how to proceed or the problem persists.

A faulty valve might be a sign of other underlying issues with the water heater, so getting a professional on the job is a good idea. Addressing the problem early can help prevent more significant damage down the road.

3. Temperature & Pressure Relief (T&P) Valve Malfunction

The T&P valve is a specialized safety feature on your water heater. It releases excess pressure or hot water if the tank overheats or the pressure gets too high, preventing a dangerous explosion. However, if this valve malfunctions, it can cause leaks.

Causes of a T&P Valve Issue

A faulty or leaking T&P valve may be due to a buildup of pressure in the tank caused by overheating or high water pressure. In some cases, the valve itself may be worn out or improperly sealed, allowing water to escape. If you notice water dripping from the valve, inspect it immediately.

To inspect the T&P valve, check that the water heater is at a safe temperature and pressure level, and test the valve by lifting its lever to see if water flows out. If it continues to leak after resetting, a replacement may be necessary. Professional help is advisable in this scenario.

4. Cracked or Leaking Pipes

Pipes connected to your water heater can sometimes develop cracks or leaks, and water can escape and pool around the unit. These pipes are responsible for bringing cold water into the heater and carrying hot water out, so any damage to them can cause leaks.

Causes of Pipe Problems

Common causes of cracked or leaking pipes include high water pressure, old age, or poor connections. Over time, the wear and tear from constant water flow can weaken the pipes, and connections may loosen or corrode. High water pressure can also strain the pipes, making them more susceptible to cracking.

Regularly inspecting the pipes for visible wear, corrosion, or leaks lets you address the issue immediately. You’ll want to replace the damaged pipes or tighten loose connections if you spot a problem.

Upgrading to newer, more durable pipes can help prevent future leaks for older systems. If you’re unsure, seeking professional assistance for a proper inspection and repair is always wise.

5. Sediment Buildup at the Bottom of the Tank

Sediment building up at the bottom of the water heater tank is another common cause of leaks.

Over time, minerals from hard water, such as calcium and magnesium, accumulate inside the tank and create a layer of sediment. This buildup can cause several problems, including reduced efficiency and overheating, as the sediment creates a barrier between the heating element and the water.

How Sediment Damages the System

As the water heater works harder to heat the water, the excess heat can damage the tank’s lining, eventually leading to cracks and leaks. Regularly flushing your water heater to remove this sediment prevents these issues.

Flushing involves draining the tank and cleaning out the accumulated minerals, which helps maintain the heater’s efficiency and extends its lifespan.

If you don’t address this sediment buildup, it can lead to costly damage, including tank failure. Regular maintenance can help prevent leaks and keep your water heater running smoothly.

Maintaining Your Water Heaters

Book an Appointment With Calray Boilers

Water heater leaks can arise for several reasons, including tank corrosion, loose or worn-out drain valves, malfunctioning T&P valves, cracked or leaking pipes, and a buildup of sediment at the bottom of the tank. These problems can lead to flooding and significant water damage if you don’t address them, so you’ll want to keep an eye on the water heaters at your multifamily properties.

Calray Boilers can assist with your water heater maintenance. Call us at 212.722.5506 or schedule a boiler and water heater maintenance visit online.